Another difference between connection-oriented and connection-less services is connection-oriented communication uses a stream of data and is vulnerable to router failure while connection-less communication uses messages and is robust to router failure.
Basis of Comparison | Connection-oriented service | Connection-less service |
---|---|---|
Prior Connection Requirement | Necessary | Not required |
Reliability | Ensures reliable transfer of data. | Not guaranteed. |
Congestion | Unlikely | Occur likely. |
Transferring mode | It can be implemented using circuit switching and virtual circuit. | It is implemented using packet switching. |
Lost data retransmission | Feasible | Practically, not possible. |
Suitability | Suitable for long and steady communication. | Suitable for bursty Transmission. |
Signalling | Used for connection establishment. | There is no concept of signalling. |
Packet forwarding | Packets sequentially travel to their destination node and follows the same route. | Packets reach the destination randomly without following the same route. |
Delay | There is a delay in transfer of information, but once the connection is established faster delivery can be achieved. | Due to the absence of connection establishment phase, the transmission is faster. |
Resource Allocation | Need to be allocated. | No prior allocation of the resource is required. |
Connection-oriented service is analogous to the telephone system that requires communication entities to establish a connection before sending data. TCP provides Connection-oriented services as does ATM, Frame Relay and MPLS hardware. It uses handshake process to establish the connection between the sender and receiver.
A handshake process includes some steps which are:
More precisely, it sets up a connection uses that connection then terminates the connection.
Reliability is achieved by having recipient acknowledge each message. There is sequencing and flow control, that’s the reason packets received at the receiving end are always in order. It uses circuit switching for transmission of data.
Connection-oriented transport service first creates a virtual circuit between two remote entities. To this end, COTS makes four different kinds of services available to the upper layers:
T-CONNECT | This service is used to set up a full duplex transport connection with a peer function on a remote device. |
T-DATA |
This service is used to transfer data, it could provide nonconfirmed service and restricted amount of data but still, it is reliable. |
T-EXPEDITED-DATA | This service is also used for transferring data, but it carries a limited amount expedited data up to 16 octets (bytes). |
T-DISCONNECT | It is used to terminate the Transport connection and to reject a connection request also. |
where, T stands for Transfer.
Connection-less service is analogous to the postal system. In which packets of data (usually known as a datagram) is transmitted from source to destination directly. Each packet is treated as individual entity, which allows communication entities to send data before establishing communication. Each packet carries a destination address to identify the intended recipient.
Packets don’t follow a fixed path that is the reason the packets received at receiver end can be out of order. It uses packet switching for transmission of data.
Most network hardware, the Internet Protocol (IP), and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) provides connection-less service.
Connection-less Transport services provide only one kind of service to its upper layer that is T-UNIT-DATA. It provides a single freestanding data unit for all transmission. Each unit contains all of the protocol control information necessary for delivery but does not include provision for sequencing and flow control.
The points given below explains the difference between connection-oriented and connection-less services:
Both connection-oriented and connection-less services have their merits and demerits. Connection-oriented service is reliable and appropriate for long distance communication, but it’s slow and requires higher bandwidth. Similarly, connection-less service is fast, needs minor bandwidth and adequate for bursty communication, but is not always reliable.
So, we conclude that both services have their equal importance and are necessary for data transmission and communication.
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